Chen, J. C., Tsai, T. C., Liu, C. S., and Lu, C. T. Acute hearing loss in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). View abstract. A randomized controlled trial. Eggs are so nutritious that they're often referred to as "nature's multivitamin." View abstract. Trovato GM, Ginardi V, Di Marco V, and et al. Newborn screening for glutaric aciduria type I in Victoria: treatment and outcome. De Vecchi, A. F., Arduini, A., Di, Liberato L., and Bonomini, M. [L-carnitine in peritoneal dialysis]. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2006;29(5):631-636. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Torrioli, M. G., Vernacotola, S., Peruzzi, L., Tabolacci, E., Mila, M., Militerni, R., Musumeci, S., Ramos, F. J., Frontera, M., Sorge, G., Marzullo, E., Romeo, G., Vallee, L., Veneselli, E., Cocchi, E., Garbarino, E., Moscato, U., Chiurazzi, P., D'Iddio, S., Calvani, M., and Neri, G. A double-blind, parallel, multicenter comparison of L-acetylcarnitine with placebo on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in fragile X syndrome boys. 1) is a naturally occurring amino acid found in high concentrations in muscle, heart and brain tissues. Kidney Int 38 (1990): 904-11, 4. View abstract. Bipolar.Disord. The effect of L-carnitine on insulin resistance in hemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. View abstract. View abstract. Int.Angiol. Improved excercise tolerance after administration of carnitine. [Short-term medication of L-carnitine before intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men with oligoasthenozoospermia]. View abstract. 2010;610:285-308. Ann.Clin Lab Sci 2009;39(4):399-404. L-carnitine is an amino acid that is naturally produced in the body. Hirose S, Mitsudome A, Yasumoto S, et al. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. View abstract. 2006;26(4):499-500. View abstract. Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Mancuso, C., Lentile, R., Stella, A. M., and Butterfield, D. A. Redox homeostasis and cellular stress response in aging and neurodegeneration. Am.J Alzheimers.Dis Other Demen. View abstract. 11. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Drugs 1999;58:479-87. Lacour, B., Di Giulio, S., Chanard, J., Ciancioni, C., Haguet, M., Lebkiri, B., Basile, C., Drueke, T., Assan, R., and Funck-Brentano, J. L. Carnitine improves lipid anomalies in haemodialysis patients. View abstract. Metabolic effects of continuous or acute carnitine administration with special reference to fat oxidation and nitrogen utilization. A., Carroll, V. S., Klawans, H. L., and Fariello, R. G. L-acetyl-carnitine in Huntington's disease: double-blind placebo controlled crossover study of drug effects on movement disorder and dementia. Effect of acute administration of L-acetyl carnitine on cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebral infarct. Clin Drug Investig 2008;28(8):495-500. Brass, E. P., Hoppel, C. L., and Hiatt, W. R. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. View abstract. 2010;68(5):743-752. 2010;38:152-5. Panjwani, U., Thakur, L., Anand, J. P., Singh, S. N., Amitabh, Singh, S. B., and Banerjee, P. K. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on endurance exercise in normobaric/normoxic and hypobaric/hypoxic conditions. Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc, Gaithersburg, MD. Sunamori M, Nakagawa T, Fujisawa S, and et al. J Pain Symptom.Manage. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:117-31. 2007;16 Suppl 1:383-390. View abstract. (Tokyo) 2001;47(6):378-384. Relative carnitine deficiency in autism. View abstract. Ann.Indian Acad.Neurol. 2010;55(6):384-389. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:999-1001. Prog Retin Eye Res. Gut. HIV.Med. Bohles H, Noppeney T, Akcetin Z, and et al. Dal Negro R, Pomari G, Zoccatelli O, and et al. View abstract. Taking L-carnitine with thyroid hormone might decrease the effectiveness of the thyroid hormone. View abstract. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2008;53(2):91-95. Rockstar. View abstract. Effect of L-carnitine in patients with asthenospermia. 2008;10(5):818-830. Although dosage varies from study to study, here is an overview of the use and dose for each form: Up to 2,000 mg (2 grams) per day seems safe and effective in the long term. View abstract. 2008;28(8):495-500. View abstract. Eur.Urol. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:2305-12. Pueschel, S. M. The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine administration on persons with Down syndrome. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 2007;21(6):445-448. View abstract. Propionyl carnitine in stable effort angina. View abstract. J Postgrad Med 1999;45(2):38-41. Orlando G and Rusconi C. Oral L-carnitine in the treatment of chronic cardiac ischaemia in elderly patients. Diabetes Res.Clin Pract. Demeyere, R., Lormans, P., Weidler, B., Minten, J., Van Aken, H., and Flameng, W. Cardioprotective effects of carnitine in extensive aortocoronary bypass grafting: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Harper, P., Elwin, C. E., and Cederblad, G. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral bolus doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis 1998;32(2):265-272. It can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, weakness, and chest pain (angina). J Nephrol. More severe and rarer side effects are seizures and muscle weakness in people prone to heart disease [ 38 ]. Weschler, A., Aviram, M., Levin, M., Better, O. S., and Brook, J. G. High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Comparison of vitamin E and propionyl-L-carnitine, separately or in combination, in patients with early chronic Peyronie's disease: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. L-carnitine specifically acetyl-L-carnitine can have beneficial effects on brain function in various diseases. Int.J Cardiol. 2010;37(12):2353-2354. (Rome) 2010;11(9):703-705. Several conditions can cause bradycardia, including several potentially serious conditions, such as myocarditis, sleep apnea, lupus or certain medications. It plays a crucial role in the production of energy by transporting fatty acids into your cells' mitochondria ( 1, 2, 3 ). Wolfe, L. A., He, M., Vockley, J., Payne, N., Rhead, W., Hoppel, C., Spector, E., Gernert, K., and Gibson, K. M. Novel ETF dehydrogenase mutations in a patient with mild glutaric aciduria type II and complex II-III deficiency in liver and muscle. View abstract. Karimi, M., Mohammadi, F., Behmanesh, F., Samani, S. M., Borzouee, M., Amoozgar, H., and Haghpanah, S. Effect of combination therapy of hydroxyurea with l-carnitine and magnesium chloride on hematologic parameters and cardiac function of patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia. View abstract. Pediatrics 2002;109(4):622-626. J Int.Soc.Sports Nutr. As a supplement, acetyl-L-carnitine is usually considered safe when taken as directed. Plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in well-trained athletes at rest and after exercise. 2007;52(6):1768-1774. Tumori 2005;91(2):135-138. Biolo, G., Stulle, M., Bianco, F., Mengozzi, G., Barazzoni, R., Vasile, A., Panzetta, G., and Guarnieri, G. Insulin action on glucose and protein metabolism during L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Iranian J.Nutr.Sci.Food Technol. The therapeutic effect of L-carnitine in patients with exercise-induced stable angina: a controlled study. View abstract. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1990;61:486-90. Cruciani, R. A., Dvorkin, E., Homel, P., Culliney, B., Malamud, S., Lapin, J., Portenoy, R. K., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mild myasthenia has occurred in uremic patients receiving D,L-carnitine (but not levocarnitine). Huidekoper, H. H., Schneider, J., Westphal, T., Vaz, F. M., Duran, M., and Wijburg, F. A. Neuromuscul.Disord. Preliminary report. Boneh, A., Beauchamp, M., Humphrey, M., Watkins, J., Peters, H., and Yaplito-Lee, J. Cavallini, G., Ferraretti, A. P., Gianaroli, L., Biagiotti, G., and Vitali, G. Cinnoxicam and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine treatment for idiopathic and varicocele-associated oligoasthenospermia. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1992;18(2):69-80. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:777-80. One interesting observation is that ingestion of CoQ10 late in the evening might cause insomnia 15 and this may be due to increased energy levels. View abstract. Sweets. Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Crucitti M, Lorusso S, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study. J Cardiol 1991;21(2):493-504. L-carnitine is best known as a fat burner but the overall research is mixed. Krahenbuhl S. Carnitine metabolism in chronic liver disease. Feinfeld, D. A., Kurian, P., Cheng, J. T., Dilimetin, G., Arriola, M. R., Ward, L., Manis, T., and Carvounis, C. P. Effect of oral L-carnitine on serum myoglobin in hemodialysis patients. View abstract. Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur while taking levocarnitine: Some side effects of levocarnitine may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Even though the chance of adverse side effects is slight, there are two things that we suggest when taking Coenzyme Q10. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2007;30(1):5-22. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. Kaviani, M., Nourshahi, M., and Shokoohi, F. The effects of acute L-carnitine administration on ventilatory breakpoint and exercise performance during incremental exercise. View abstract. Eur Heart J 1996;17:414-20. Orlandi, A., Francesconi, A., Ferlosio, A., Di, Lascio A., Marcellini, M., Pisano, C., and Spagnoli, L. G. Propionyl-L-carnitine prevents age-related myocardial remodeling in the rabbit. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Janiri, L., Martinotti, G., Tonioni, F., Ghelardini, C., Nicolai, R., Galeotti, N., Mosconi, L., Calvani, M., Bartolini, A., and Iannoni, E. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the management of pain during methadone withdrawal syndrome. Some side effects may not be reported. Maccio, A., Madeddu, C., Gramignano, G., Mulas, C., Floris, C., Sanna, E., Cau, M. C., Panzone, F., and Mantovani, G. A randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment for cachexia in patients with gynecological cancers: evaluating the impact on metabolic and inflammatory profiles and quality of life. Safarinejad, M. R., Hosseini, S. Y., and Kolahi, A. Golper, T. A., Wolfson, M., Ahmad, S., Hirschberg, R., Kurtin, P., Katz, L. A., Nicora, R., Ashbrook, D., and Kopple, J. D. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. View abstract. Faria, C. C., Mota, J. F., Paula Ravagnani, F. C., and Burini, R. C. [The supplementation of L-carnitine does not promote alterations in the resting metabolic rate and in the use of energetic substrates in physically active individuals]. L-Carnitine should be taken at evenly spaced intervals every 3 or 4 hours. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. Patrikarea A, Stamatelow K Ntaountaki I Papadakis IT. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. 2012;4:CD006282. View abstract. pii: E255. For most individuals, the nausea and vomiting will be relatively mild. Optom.Vis.Sci 2011;88(12):1439-1444. Williams, S. F., Alvarez, J. R., Pedro, H. F., and Apuzzio, J. J. Glutaric aciduria type II and narcolepsy in pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol. Andrologia 1994;26(3):155-159. Moretti S, Alesse E, Di Marzio L, et al. Seo, J. T., Kim, K. T., Moon, M. H., and Kim, W. T. The significance of microsurgical varicocelectomy in the treatment of subclinical varicocele. 2018 Oct;59(10):2360-2368. Sakurabayashi, T., Miyazaki, S., Yuasa, Y., Sakai, S., Suzuki, M., Takahashi, S., and Hirasawa, Y. L-carnitine supplementation decreases the left ventricular mass in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity. View abstract. View abstract. 2010;5(8):e12140. Hypertension 2010;55(2):e13. Intern.Med 2010;49(16):1717-1725. 1996;24(4):251-255. [L-carnitine for the treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. Dragan, I. G., Vasiliu, A., Georgescu, E., and Eremia, N. Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitina in elite athletes. View abstract. 1993;15(1):1-12. View abstract. 2006;114(1):1-7. View abstract. 2011;(12):CD006282. Reported side effects are unusual, but include insomnia, headache, diarrhea, low or high blood pressure, nausea, blurred vision, and chest pains. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. Dig.Dis Sci 2006;51(12):2242-2247. Khajeh B, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Nasiri-Toosi M, Mohammadi K, Jafari A.