Myths, folklore ancient songs and poems present the number nine as being connected with the underworld, and this has been extended into modern pop culture. Having heard both the Pierides and the Muses, the judges (unsurprisingly, perhaps) unanimously declared the latter the winners. When Penelope reached womanhood, Odysseus asked for her hand in marriage. Itzpapalotl, whose name means either 'obsidian butterfly' or 'clawed butterfly', was a fearsome skeletal warrior goddess, who ruled over the world of Tamoanchan, which is the paradise of victims of infant mortality and the place identified as where humans were created, one of the many worlds in Aztec mythology. Asters are very popular and loved for their simple look. "Penelope hPM@+sC~ I&hAYN{;>2 Tate. U*X*L Encyclopedia of World Mythology. ACTAEON (Aktaion) A hunter who spied the goddess Artemis bathing and was transformed into a stag and torn apart by his hounds. They are commonly shown washing bloody clothes at a river ford; when approached, they tell the enquirer the clothes are theirs. Encyclopedia.com. She is shown holding a cithara, another type of string instrument. She is shown holding a mask of tragedy, a sword (or blade), and wearing the cothurnus (a type of boots used by tragic actors). ." During the liberal-democratic revolution in Budapest, Hungary in 1918, aster flowers were sported by protesters. Click & Collect. Her Scyllatoo represents a figure from antiquity. She was always depicted as a terrifying skeletal creature with deadly claws sharp enough to tear a grown man to shreds. WebGreek mythology, to "the gods" in general and to the wheel of Fortune. ." The Trojan War lasted ten years, and it took Odysseus another ten years to With their star-shaped blooms and lush texture, asters are loved for their color and look, taking center stage in many gardens. Off with His Head! 10+ in stock. Her story is about enduring hardship and remaining loyal butPenelope doesn't get any of her husband's glory. Penelope and Odysseus were deeply in love, so it was with great sorrow that Odysseus later left her and their infant son, Telemachus, to fight in the Trojan War. Homer's Odyssey She's often celebrated for her chasteness and loyalty to her husband. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. He then lives a full life before dying, a second time, in his old age. Iain Calderwood. By showing a truer representation of Greek heroes she questions the type of man that society has historically championed. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. One of the great epic poems of ancient Greece, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/penelope, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/penelope, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/penelope, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/penelope, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope. Unknown to Penelope, Odysseus had arrived home disguised as a beggar. But centuries ago, the land that is now the United States was a very different place As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. There is no indication that Persephone wanted to marry Hades; she was abducted, after all. She subjects herself to Odysseus's will, turning the crew back to humans and hosting them all for nearly a year. @u0cYMt-_"IBrGxKr(|E$Ac&i3TW:zk5/t(:U0?6=C J
Another of Calliopes children is said to have been Linus of Thrace, another extremely capable musician. There are, however, some voices which question the traditional representation of the Greek myths. Appears In consider marriage only after she finished weaving a shroud for her and privacy policy, Sign up to the Art UK newsletter, a weekly edit of insightful art stories, Posted 11 Apr 2019, by In the mythological story of Niobe, Artemis punishes the mortal mother for boasting that she is a more fortunate mother than Artemis' mother, Leto: Artemis destroys ." Lineage 8Yz;Jcr5D(\c5( 22 Feb. 2023 . The theme of fidelity is an important part of the myth of Penelope, and is shown in her refusal to entertain other suitors in the twenty years her husband is gone. Watts Gallery Artists' Village, Achilles and Briseis Later on, however, a Macedonian by the name of Pierus of Emathia established the worship of the Nine Muses and changed their names to the ones we know of today. iiK06?B%(] nyem7g'FbsU`L`mbp;4>sYtYl@Eb7|rA 8'`A%Ro|&*6CC924*''
`garMt{=DNA`)32(. The Pierides, however, merely laughed at the threats and continued verbally abusing the Muses. Norimitsu Odachi: Who Could Have Possibly Wielded This Enormous 15th Century Japanese Sword? WebThis is an alphabetically ordered list of Greek mythological figures, including deities and other immortal beings as well as significant legendary mortals. Amgueddfa Cymru National Museum Wales, The Strangford Apollo She was strong in every way imaginable. According to legend, the god Apollo helped Admetus, son of the king of Pherae, to harness a lion and a boar to a chariot in order to win Alcestiss hand. Her goddesses are definitely not to be messed with. Here are some of them: In Greek mythology, the flower is believed to come from the tears of Astraea, the goddess of innocence and purity. The Nine Muses on a 2 nd century Romansarcophagus. She was the queen of Ithaca and was the daughter of Spartan king Icarius and naiad Periboea. Character Overview Encyclopedia.com. Periboea hid her infant daughter as soon as she was born, knowing that Icarius had wanted a son. Wife of Manannan See also Greek Mythology; Odysseus; Odyssey, The. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope, MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "Pnlope Greek mythology comes into play in the story, particularly Euripidess play: Alcestis. Sister of the storm god Baal, the virgin warrior Anath was famed for her ferocity in battle. She's too weak to fully resist the suitors and throw them out. An ancient Ugaritic text describes Anats revenge against a man who slighted her in no uncertain terms: "Anat seized Mot, the divine son,/ With a sickle she cut him,/ with a winnow she winnows him,/ with fire she scorches him,/ with a mill she crushes him,/ she scatters his flesh in the field to be eaten by birds. She is depicted with a veil and normally presented as a pensive woman. One day, she saved a young thief from execution and then married him, because she thought she loved him.
ACHILLES (Akhilleus) The great hero of the Trojan War, a son of Peleus and the Nereid Thetis. A Dictionary of Zoology. [Online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muse-Greek-mythology, www.greekmythology.com. Its name comes from the Greek term for star, referring to the shape of its flowers. 1989. The Pierides had the audacity to say Cease cheating with that spurious charm of yours the untutored rabble. Please choose different source and target languages. The intricately plotted story, inspired by Greek mythology, is akin to a siren song, enticing, but with an ominous undertone and hints of deception. grieving over Odysseus's absence. In the meantime, Sisyphus had told his wife, Merope, not to perform the usual sacrifices and to leave his body unburied. But first, the Or learning new words is more your thing? Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni wove a brilliantly feminist narrative, named The Palace of Illusions, that centered around Draupadi and how she changed the course of the Mahabharata., This ancient Canaanite goddess of love and war is definitely someone you want on your side. Myths and Legends of the World. more_vert. 2012. Tefnut was the ancient Egyptian goddess of moisture, rain and dew a very significant task in a desert country. Penelope is generally viewed as a reflection of the ancient Greek idea of the perfect wife. Here are some of the most badass women from the world of mythology. In ancient Rome, theyre the emblem of Venus, the goddess of love and beauty. As a legendary musician and poet, it is not entirely surprising that Orpheus is regarded to be the son of one of the Muses, namely Calliope. Some sources, however, claim that Linus mother was one of the other Muses. Ovid goes on to narrate that once judges were chosen from among the Nymphs, the competition began, with the representative of the Pierides singing of the Gigantomachy, i.e. Master of the Judgement of Paris (active mid-15th C) Slavery, too, played a major part in the economy of the ancient Greeks. Alternate Names Very much like the lyrics of the famous She may be ancient Egypts most famous face, but the quest to find the eternal resting place of Queen Nefertiti has never been hotter. One of the five great Tamil epics, the Kundalakesi is supposedly about this strong minded beautiful woman. nymph 22 Feb. 2023 . MICHAEL ALLABY "Penelope Character Overview, Hera The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. She is valued for her patience and fidelity but is also pitied. While they bestowed rewards on those who honored them, the Muses were equally prepared to punish those who dared to challenge them. c.18581860. "Penelope Encyclopedia.com. 22 Feb. 2023 . Penelope soon flees to the Big Apple in search of a companion equally cursed and reviled, but instead meets Max (McAvoy), a sweet and charming rocker who sees her inner beauty instead. Her attributes were the aulos (an ancient Greek musical instrument that resembles a flute) and other musical instruments she is believed to have invented. Each day Penelope would sit weaving the Meaning and Symbolism of the Aster Flower, Astraea, the goddess of innocence and purity, November Birth Flowers: Chrysanthemums and Peony, What is Floriography? Although, the Muses are traditionally said to be virgin goddesses, some figures of Greek mythology are said to be their children, and it is in such myths that revolve around individual Muses. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Circe row of 12 ax heads. The Kundalakesa of Therigatha is purported a treasurers daughter. cloth, but at night she would secretly unravel her work. she would marry the man who could shoot an arrow through the loops on a These patriarchal societies interpreted the stories from their own perspectives and produced works which showed women and other peoples as inferior and propagated values of 'otherness'. Like a strong woman in any epic, she hasn't really been mentioned much, but the fact that a single mother can survive and do just-alright-thank-you-very-much, without a man by her side is enforced by this character.. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Art UK has updated its cookies policy. the battle between the Olympians and the Gigantes. When Odysseus and his crew wash up on her island, she uses her seductive charms and magical powers to outwit most of the men turning them into pigs but her attempts to overcome Odysseus are foiled by a tip-off from the god Hermes. Her expression is weary and shows the burden she endures. Remember me (uncheck on a public computer), By signing up you agree to terms and conditions While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Sisyphus is punished in the underworld by the god Zeus, who forces him to roll a boulder up a hill for eternity. The artist portrays Briseis looking back at Achilles longingly. WebArtemis (Greek Mythology) Source: Source. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope. Fand (Celtic goddess) Goddess of Happiness and Pleasure. They're typically cast as scheming witches, malevolent monsters, cunning temptresses or powerless victims and excepting Athena always lose out to men. VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever. She has a wide range of interests ranging from ancient cultures and mythology to Harry Potter and gardening. %%EOF
Copyright Symbol Sage 2022 All Rights Reserved. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2017. Opposite Thaleia was Melpomene, the Muse of tragedy, known also as She who Sings. However, the goddess Astraea became upset, so asked to be turned into a star. Her attributes were the scroll, book, and clarion (a type of trumpet). Then Bheem left and Hidimba gave birth to Ghatotkach, his son, and took care of him alone without any help. Becerrillo: The Terrifying War Dog of the Spanish Conquistadors, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Unleashing the End of the World, What is Shambhala? Her burning passion for revenge against the Kauravas, who tried to disrobe her in a full assembly, cannot be forgotten as this became one of the main causes for the epic war of Kurukshetra in The Mahabharata. Omissions? SYE-kee The nine sisters traveled across Greece and came to the home of the Muses, where they issued a challenge to the goddesses. Raised by overbearing and bizarre upper-crust parents (O'Hara and Grant), Penelope is presented with a long line of suitors, all of whom hope to marry into the family's wealth but immediately bail at the sight of their daughter's schnoz. Helicon is a mountain located in Boeotia, between Lake Kopais and the Gulf of Corinth. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope, MICHAEL ALLABY "Penelope Therefore, this Muse is sometimes depicted as holding these poems in her hands. Whomsoever great Zeus daughters favor among the kings that Zeus fosters, and turn their eyes upon him at his birth, upon his tongue they shed sweet dew, and out of his mouth the words flow honeyed, and the peoples all look to him as he decides what is to prevail with his straight judgments. In medieval Europe, it was thought that the flower possesses magical powers to drive away serpents, as well as ward off evil spirits and negative influences. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/penelope. For the 20 years that her husband was away Apollo and the Muses on Mount Helicon. ", Move over, Thor, the clearest badass in the Norse pantheon is Hel, ruler of the eponymous underworld of Norse mythology. rushing water. The colourful stories have inspired countless works of art and literature, but these depictions have perhaps tended to show only a limited perspective on the mythology. She openly defied her evil uncle King Creon to bury her brother, Polydeuces, saying that an immoral law should not be followed. 2nd century AD marble copy of a 1st century BC bronze original by Myron, 2nd century AD marble copy of a 1st century BC bronze original by Myron. Z{&qIbRw&)VyH=3s,?A5PB-"ab\p"L&'irxP9@ONQroQ 2019. The disguised Odysseus won the archery contest and then killed all the 8.99. In addition to Zeus and Hera, there were many other major and minor gods in the Greek religion. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. The Penelopiad by Margaret Atwood (2005) offers a darkly humorous retelling of the events of the Odyssey from Penelope's point of view. . She's typically portrayed as mysterious, manipulative and is often thought to act as a warning to men against the dangers of seductive women. Adventures of Odysseus on his journey home. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The word muse for instance, is used in the English language to mean a source of inspiration. For the 20 years that her husband was away during and after the Trojan Warf, Penelope remained true to him and helped prevent his kingdom from falling into other hands. for her faithfulness, patience, and feminine virtue. She spends the two decades at home rejecting the advances of other men, and finding ways to protect Odysseus's home while he's off on his epic adventure. When Penelope reached womanhood, Odysseus asked for her hand in marriage. Odysseus, Achilles, et al. ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 107 0 obj
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At any rate, many later writers followed Hesiods example. Lubaina Himid's painting Hannibal's Sister draws attention to the lack of representations of both powerful women and people of colour from art depicting the classical world. It was from the Muses that the artists of ancient Greece and Rome received their inspiration. Although Hesiods version of the myth is the most popular one, it is not the only one explaining how the Muses came into being. WebThat requires a lot of patience and a lot of energy. The word patience is echoed through the play. She is also clever, as illustrated by her nightly unraveling of the shroud she weaved, as well as her statement that she would marry the man who could string Odysseus's bow, since she knew no other man could perform the feat. Encyclopedia.com. 1930 In The Kalevala, Lovatar takes the form of a powerful, shape-shifting witch named Louhi who fiercely battles the epic's protagonists. Pronunciation Lineage Modern-day retelling of an old fairy tale casts Ricci as Penelope, the lonely girl cursed with a pig's snout. couple were finally reunited. Therefore, the Nine Muses were considered to be the personification of the literary arts, music, and visual arts, and each of them oversaw a particular aspect of the arts. John Keith Vaughan (19121977) Periboea hid her infant daughter as soon as she was born, Ithell Colquhoun (19061988) Asters are regarded as the September birth flower and the 20th anniversary bloom. In Greek and Roman mythology , Psy, Theseus This is clearly reflected by Hesiod, who claimed that he was taught to sing by the Muses themselves, And once they (the Muses) taught Hesiod fine singing, as he tended his lambs below holy Helicon. 22 Feb. 2023 . According to Classical mythology, the Nine Muses are the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (or Memory). (Hohum / Public Domain ). Trojan War. Hesiod provides more detail in another part of his Theogony, Nine nights Zeus the resourceful lay with her (Memory), going up to her holy bed far away from the immortals. And when the time came, as the months passed away and the seasons turned about, and the long tale of days was completed, she bore nine daughters all of one mind, their carefree hearts set on song. Still, as hard as he may try, he's no Tim Burton. 1988. Later legend related that when Death came to fetch him, Sisyphus chained Death up so that no one died. The term Sisyphean describes a task that is impossible to complete. Penelope and Odysseus were deeply in love, so it was with great sorrow that Odysseus later left her and their infant son, Telemachus (pronounced tuh-LEM-uh-kuhs), to fight in the Trojan War. "Penelope (Hohum / Public Domain ). 2020. Atsma, A. [Online] Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-greek-muses-119788, Harper, D. 2020. museum (n.) . Two Figures The marriage bed of Penelope and Odysseus also symbolizes their love, with one leg rooted deep into the ground and still alive despite the years. Scylla years, a servant revealed Penelope's secret, and she had to finish the Sisyphus, In Homers Iliad, Book VI, Sisyphus, living at Ephyre (later Corinth), was the son of Aeolus (eponymous ancestor of the Aeolians) and the father of Glaucus. (February 22, 2023). 22 Feb. 2023 . She is often shown holding a mask of comedy and a shepherds staff. She is known to capture spirits and bestow riches, and to govern an innumerable host of water spirits known as mami watas and papi watas. Omissions? Theyre also perfect for graduations, holidays and any celebratory event. The MusesMelpomene,Erato, andPolyhymnia. WebPatience and Wisdom Asters are regarded as the 20 th wedding anniversary flower. went with her new husband to his home on the island of Ithaca. omen, Moreover, the inspiration of the Muses was not limited to artists. , With their rich symbolism, these blooms can also be gifted for those celebrating their milestones or starting a new career. Colquhoun's are much more muscular, powerful and assertive, if a little haughty and vain. Terpsichore was the Muse of dance and held the title The One Delighting in Dance. Belief in malevolent spirits inhabiting the human body has persisted across cultures for millennia. In the Odyssey, Scylla is a ferocious sea monster who prowls a narrow cliff-sided strait, pouncing on unwary sailors and eating them whole. believe that Odysseus was her husband, for the gods had hidden his Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Even if you didnt know it by his surname, you might figure it out by reading The Silent Patient. ." The daughter of Zeus and Leto, as well as the last of the three maiden goddesses (along with Hestia and Athena), she was one of the most liberated females in mythology. The Fates imposed the condition that someone else die in Admetuss stead, which Alcestis, a loyal wife, consented to do. (Shuishouyue / Public Domain ). (February 22, 2023). Penelope is known for her fidelity to her husband Odysseus, despite the attention of more than a hundred suitors during his absence. Glasgow Life Museums, The Judgement of Paris In addition, while the number of Muses is traditionally said to be nine, the sources differ from one another once more. The Muses had the power to inspire, and this should not be underestimated. 1966 Her attributes were the globe and compass. U*X*L Encyclopedia of World Mythology. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/penelope, "Penelope Plutarch's Life of Theseus, Hyginus's Fabulae While these blooms have a wildflower appeal, theyre often used as a filler flower in wedding arrangements. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? It appears to belong with other Greek imaginings of the world of the dead as the scene of fruitless labours. ADONIS A handsome youth loved If you lose, you leave Medusaeus' spring on Mount Helikon and Aganippe Hyantea, or we the plain of Emathia up to Paeonia's snowy mountainsides; and let the judgement of the Nymphae decide. Character Ove, The mythology of the ancient Greeks included a dazzling array of gods, demigods (half-human, half-god), monsters, and heroes. 0
The wife of the hero Odysseus* in Greek mythology, Penelope was celebrated Alternate Names Thus, when he reached the underworld, he was permitted to return to punish her for the omission. It is also shown in her attempts to keep suitors at bay by unraveling her woven cloth every night, in the hope that Odysseus would return before her trick was discovered. The power dynamic in the work by theMaster of the Judgement of Paris, on the other hand, is quite different. Their star-shaped flowers are ideal for adding texture to centerpieces and bouquets. So said mighty Zeus daughters, the sure of utterance, and they gave me a branch of springing bay to pluck for a staff, a handsome one, and they breathed into me wondrous voice, so that I should celebrate things of the future and things that were aforetime. Penelope is a character in Homer's Odyssey. . The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome. And the prize as most fu**ed up victim of Greek Gods goes to. Cassandra, daughter of Priamus! Congratulations, youve won a lifetime of sorrow and WebA SMALL SELECTION OF HEROES, KINGS & VILLAINS. Top image: Apollo and the Nine Muses. Native to Eurasia and North America, Aster is a genus of beautiful flowers in the Asteraceae family. ." Although his primary interest is in the ancient civilizations of the Near East, he is also interested in other geographical regions, as well as other time periods. Read More. The works accentuated the heroic and powerful while downplaying other elements of ancient Greek society such as homosexuality, gender imbalances and slavery. rescued her. This is mirrored in the stories and mythology. They make a thoughtful gift for these birthdays and anniversaries, and any autumnal celebrations. Lovatar gave birth to nine deadly diseases including plague, sterility, and cancer. When Hercules reached adulthood he became the patience greek mythology of Hercules' children and together they made a happy family. The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that these goddesses granted inspiration to those involved in creative work, such as poets, musicians, and artists. (Jastrow / Public Domain ) It is rather apt that Hesiod refers to Mnemosyne as the mother of the Muses. A t#kDJ65&@aMP9sj4Ioz$wtC[$bl%}ZQ$ +r4~zDbof-Mr\C-z0m-> baby girl, he threw her into the sea to drown. The names of the Nine Muses are mentioned by Hesiod, Clio and Euterpe and Thaleia and Melpomene, Terpsichore and Erato and Polyhymnia and Urania, and Calliope, who is chief among them all. His word is sure, and expertly he makes a quick end of even a great dispute. Pronunciation The disguised Odysseus won the archery contest and then killed all the suitors with help from his son Telemachus. Some even hung dried bouquets of asters in their attics in hopes of protection. [Skip to quick links] Polyhymnia was the Muse of sacred hymns and was given the title She of the Many Hymns. She holds a Masters degree in Linguistics and Education, and has also studied Political Science, Ancient History and Literature. Ismene struggles to persuade her sister Antigone to obey the edict of their uncle Creon, the new head of state: Were girls, she cries. A Closer Look at the Language of Flowers, October Birth Flowers: Marigold and Cosmos, Do I Need Sodalite? The Silent Patient Alex Michaelides's The Silent Patient lures readers in with a tantalizing premise: a woman has murdered her husband in cold blood, and then refuses to say why. Legend says that she was a magical doe with the strange ability to take on the form of a beautiful young woman in order to seduce and murder men. We're better able to reflect on what is worth emulating and what we should reject. Hesiod and West, M. In African legends, Mami Wata is both protective and seductive, with a volatile, dangerous temperament suited to her element of water. The Muses accepted the challenge, though reluctantly perhaps, Of course it was a shame to strive with them but greater shame to yield. . She fell in love with Bheem and after marriage, they lived together only for a limited period of time. In this painting by Pinturicchio she's shown at her loom, where she labours at a funeral shroud for Odysseus's father, weaving by day and unpicking by night in an attempt to hold off the suitors she won't marry again until it is complete. 490 BC, marble by Greek School. If you compare her painting The Judgment of Paris witha fifteenth-century example from The Burrell Collection on the same topic, you can see that in Colquhoun's version the three goddesses Athena, Aphrodite and Hera are presented in all their divine glory with Paris, who sits head bowed and humbled. This is reflected in the word museum, derived from the Greek mouseion, which originally meant temple or shrine of the Muses. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. The versions of the stories which we have received, translations from Greek, Latin, Arabic, Hebrew and then into English and other modern languages have recurring themes of treating women and other social groups poorly. Alternate Names The warrior Heracles rescued Alcestis by wrestling at her grave with Death. Eutychia (Greek goddess) The Greek personification and Goddess of Happiness.